Fundamentals of the theory were laid by helicopter at the beginning of this century Zhukovskii. A particularly large contribution to this section consists of aeronautical science VN St. George. He also owns a number of practical inventions in the field of helicopters. In 1911, Boris Yuryev, then a student at the Moscow Higher Technical School, has invented an ingenious mechanism to control the helicopter - the swashplate, which is now used throughout the world, almost all of the helicopters. In the same year, Boris Yuryev scheme was proposed single-rotor helicopter with tail rotor compensator. The fact that in the so-called reactive torque in the rotor housing to rotate the helicopter, as well, just in the opposite direction. This reaction has been known since the University. Therefore, in his "machine aerodromicheskoy" There were two screws rotating in opposite directions - jet moments screws are mutually balanced. This method is used in helicopters and some circuits now. On the single-rotor helicopter with tail rotor compensator proposed BN Yuriev, was built under his leadership circle of aviation students at the Moscow Higher Technical School and was demonstrated in 1912, now built helicopters under this scheme were the most common. Until 1930 nobody has been able to build a helicopter that can go up to a considerable height. Helicopters have been raised at that time only a few tens of meters into the air and stayed a few minutes. After extensive research and careful consideration of a number of projects in 1930 in Moscow, TsAGI was built helicopter rotor circuit TsAGI 1-EA. This is one machine with one rotor and four small tail rotor to balance the reaction torque. The helicopter was equipped with two M-2 engine with a capacity of 88.2 kW (120 hp ...) The world's first truly flown the helicopter. One of its designers and the first pilot was Cheremukhin AM. In August 1932 he rose to the TsAGI 1-EA at a height of 600 m. This was an outstanding success for its time. Suffice it to say that officially registered at the time the world altitude record for helicopters (Italian Ascanio helicopter) was 18 m. After the first Soviet helicopter was followed by others, including set up in 1938 under the guidance of famous aircraft IP Bratukhin TsAGI 11 EA. It was the first combined helicopter, but the rotor was the wing and pulling screws.
